Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Schempf AH[original query] |
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Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain in relation to child body mass index among siblings
Branum AM , Parker JD , Keim SA , Schempf AH . Am J Epidemiol 2011 174 (10) 1159-65 There is increasing evidence that in utero effects of excessive gestational weight gain may result in increased weight in children; however, studies have not controlled for shared genetic or environmental factors between mothers and children. Using 2,758 family groups from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, the authors examined the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain on child BMI at age 4 years using both conventional generalized estimating equations and fixed-effects models that account for shared familial factors. With generalized estimating equations, prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain had similar associations with the child BMI z score (beta = 0.09 units, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.11; and beta = 0.07 units, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.11, respectively. However, fixed effects resulted in null associations for both prepregnancy BMI (beta = 0.03 units, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.07) and gestational weight gain (beta = 0.03 units, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.08) with child BMI z score at age 4 years. The positive association between gestational weight gain and child BMI at age 4 years may be explained by shared family characteristics (e.g., genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors) rather than in utero programming. Future studies should continue to evaluate the relative roles of important familial and environmental factors that may influence BMI and obesity in children. |
Decline in the United States black preterm/low birth weight rate in the 1990s: can the economic boom explain it?
Schempf AH , Decker SL . Ann Epidemiol 2010 20 (11) 862-7 PURPOSE: Macroeconomic improvements have been posited as an explanation of the decline in the Black preterm birth rate during the 1990s. This study assessed whether decreasing unemployment explained the decline in preterm, low birth weight births (PT-LBW) for Black women. METHODS: United States singleton births to non-Hispanic Black women ages 18 and over, conceived between 1990 and 2001, were pooled to examine PT-LBW trends by level of social advantage (approximated by education and marital status). The impact of the state-level unemployment rate in the first and second trimester of pregnancy was evaluated in multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: During the 1990s, PT-LBW declined 11% among disadvantaged (unmarried, less than high school educated) Black women. Although the unemployment rate and PT-LBW were positively related, decreases in unemployment did not explain the decline in PT-LBW. Instead, improvements in prenatal care utilization and smoking behavior largely accounted for the temporal trend. CONCLUSIONS: Macroeconomic improvements, measured by unemployment, only marginally contributed to the Black PT-LBW trend in the 1990s. To effect further reductions, future studies should investigate other possible determinants of the proximate behavioral changes that did explain the trend (e.g., Earned Income Tax Credit expansions, increased, cigarette taxes/smoking legislation). |
Perinatal outcomes for Asian, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander mothers of single and multiple race/ethnicity: California and Hawaii, 2003-2005
Schempf AH , Mendola P , Hamilton BE , Hayes DK , Makuc DM . Am J Public Health 2010 100 (5) 877-87 OBJECTIVES: We examined characteristics and birth outcomes of Asian/Pacific Islander (API) mothers to determine whether differences in outcomes existed between mothers of single race/ethnicity and multiple race/ethnicity. METHODS: We used data from California and Hawaii birth certificates from 2003 through 2005 to describe variation in birth outcomes for API subgroups by self-reported maternal race/ethnicity (single versus multiple race or API subgroup), and we also compared these outcomes to those of non-Hispanic White women. RESULTS: Low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) varied more among API subgroups than between mothers of single versus multiple race/ethnicity. After adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors, API mothers of multiple race/ethnicity had outcomes similar to mothers of single race/ethnicity, with exceptions for multiple race/ethnicity-Chinese (higher PTB), Filipino (lower LBW and PTB), and Thai (higher LBW) subgroups. Compared with single-race non-Hispanic Whites, adverse outcomes were elevated for most API subgroups: only single-race/ethnicity Korean mothers had lower rates of both LBW (3.4%) and PTB (5.6%); single-race/ethnicity Cambodian, Laotian, and Marshallese mothers had the highest rates of both LBW (8.8%, 9.2%, and 8.4%, respectively) and PTB (14.0%, 13.7%, and 18.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve birth outcomes for API mothers should consider variations in risk by API subgroup and multiple race/ethnicity. |
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